DIATONIC- When a triad, chord or melody consists of notes solely from the given key, it is considered to be DIATONIC.

CHROMATIC- When a triad, chord or melody consists of notes from outside the given key, it is considered to be CHROMATIC.

NONESSENTIAL CHROMATICISM- This refers to non chord tones that are within the scale of a passage of music. They likely appear in between strong beats, while one chord tone moves to another.

ESSENTIAL CHROMATICISM- This refers to non chord tones that are from outside the scale of a passage of music. These can be considered a part of the chord its self.

TERTIAN HARMONIES- Harmonies created by the stacking of thirds.

EXTENDED CHORDS- In these chords, a non chord tone is added to a full 7th chord. It's should be noted that the 7th is necessary for a chord to be considered an extended chord.

SUSPENSIONS ("SUS" CHORDS)- In "classical theory", a note from the previous chord remains while all the others move to the following chord. Then it is resolved DOWN BY STEP on a weak beat of the new chord. In popular and jazz music, this is when a non chord tone replaces a chord tone (often the 2nd, 4th or 6th replacing 3rd or 5th).

"ADD" CHORDS- In these chords, a non chord tone is added to a full triad. SUBSTITUTIONS- As it relates to harmonies, one chord tone is omitted and replaced by a non-chord tone.

ALTERED CHORDS ("ALT" CHORDS)- In these chords the extended non chord tone is altered by either raising it (#) or lowering it (b). The 7th is still required to be present.

COMMON TONE DIMINISHED CHORDS (CT°)- In this case, a diminished chord shares a common tone with an adjacent chord.

LINEAR CHROMATIC- This is the idea that sometimes harmonies, beyond traditional function, occur as the result of chromatically ascending or descending lines. APPOGGIATURA CHORD- In this case, a note leaps from a chord tone to a non chord tone and then steps back down to a chord tone in the following chord.

SIMULTANEITY- This when a chord appears to have no function or explanation.

-These make use of chords that are foreign to the key in non traditional ways.

-One way to do this is through unexpected root movements to chords that are foreign to the key you’re in.

-A lot of times these progressions involve CHROMATIC MEDIANT relationships. Two triads are said to have this relationship when their roots are a major or minor 3rd apart and one root is foreign to the key.

-Even more distantly related would be the DOUBLY CHROMATIC MEDIANT relationships. Two triads are said to have this relationship when one is major and the other is minor (or vice versa), the roots are a 3rd apart AND they share no common tones.

-In analysis, we would simply name the root of the chord and the sonority below. -In this example, we are in the key of Dm. The first chord is Dm, or the i chord. The second chord is an F# minor chord.

-Because F is the 3rd of D minor, an F# is still considered to be of a MEDIANT relationship.

-Because it is rooted in F# (foreign to D minor) it is considered to be of a CHROMATIC MEDIANT relationship to the preceding chord, D minor.

-Unfortunately, in our analysis, all we can call this is an F#m chord.

Below we see two chord progressions. The progression in m.1-2 is a DIATONIC DESCENDING CIRCLE OF FIFTHS sequence. We have a i - vi - ii - V. All the notes are in the "home" key of G major.

The progression in m.3-4 is a CHROMATIC DESCENDING CIRCLE OF FIFTHS sequence. We have a i - V/ii - V/V - V. The G# in the 2nd chord makes it a V/ii, rather than the more diatonic vi chord. The C# in the 3rd chord makes it a V/V, rather than the more diatonic ii chord.

Below, we see a 4 chord progression in D major. Notice that chords 1 (D major) and 3 (E minor) are DIATONIC to D major and in root position. However, chords 2 (B7 6/5) and 4 (C#7 6/5) are CHROMATIC to D major and in 1st inversion.

On the chord analysis (top row), the note on the right side of the slash tell us what note is in the lowest voice. This is NOT the root, but the bass voice. This makes it possible to have a bass line that ascends CHROMATICALLY.

Below, in Bm, we use the same strategy as above. Only, we change the chords and inversions to accommodate for a CHROMATIC DESCENDING bass line.

Try to study this passage, as we listen, and then consider some of the techniques given below that contribute to the NON SEQUENTIAL LINEAR PROCESSES.

Here are some areas where this passage demonstrates a NON SEQUENTIAL LINEAR PROCESSES:

1-The theme of this phrase mainly occurs within the outer voices (bass/soprano). In the soprano, we have a NEIGHBOR NOTE (NN) based melody that steps up and back down to its point of origin. This provides a bit of a sullen atmosphere. Similarly, the bass line slowly descends, stepwise, from G to D through the first half of this section.

2-The key, Em, is more implied than it is established. It starts with a i6 and ends with V7-i6 (repeating the previous section). This is a i chord, but a weaker version. It follows a measure of V7 (B7) But the chords in-between make very little sense compared to the more “tonal” progressions we have taken such comfort in.

3-This whole passage is a journey from i to V7, connected by a bunch of non-functioning chords. The ambiguity created by all of these non functioning chords can be noted as a TONAL PARENTHESIS. It appears as such: i6 - ( ) - V7

4-What is occurring within these parenthesis can be referred to as LINEAR CHROMATICISM. In this case it’s a prolongation of the tonic chord in a linear fashion.

5-CHROMATIC VOICE LEADING is used in this passage. One or two voices move, stepwise at a time, while the remaining voices sustain COMMON TONES.

6-This piece has what are referred to as IMPLIED TONAL REGIONS. Though little logical analysis can result from our standard Roman numeral approach, we can hear a few moments of tonal reference. For example in m.4, the 1st chord can be heard as a V7/iv and in m.7 a V/III. But neither of these resolve to as expected.